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19971990s
Deep Blue Chess Victory
The first computer to defeat a reigning world chess champion under tournament conditions.
Why It Was Important
IBM's Deep Blue defeated Garry Kasparov, primarily using massive supercomputing brute-force (evaluating 200 million positions per second) combined with alpha-beta search heuristics. While not 'learning' in the modern deep-learning sense, it crossed a psychological threshold for what AI could achieve in complex games.
Who Invented It
IBM Research Team
A team led by Feng-hsiung Hsu, Murray Campbell, and Joseph Hoane.
Applications
- Game Trees
- Supercomputing demonstration
- Minimax Search
Key Papers
- Deep Blue
Murray Campbell, A. Joseph Hoane Jr., Feng-hsiung Hsu · Artificial Intelligence · 2002